Evaporator



Dec. 14,1926. 1,611,059

G. NICOLA'I EVAPORA'IOR v I I 4 Filed August 1. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 WIT-[$55555 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Dec. 14 1926.

, INVENTOR iwhw 9mm 2 Sheets-Sheet 2-" BY ATTORNEYS NICOLAI IEVAPORATOR Filed August 1,

Patented a. 14; 1926.

' UNITE s'r 1 GUSTAVNICOLAI, OF'VNEW YORK, NJYQ rzv aronaron, i. a

.- Application filed August theconcentration of liquids, such assaccharine juices, in the productionofisugar. Someof the objects of the present invention" are to maximize the thermal efficiency as a "result of a more effectual distribution of the heat or steam; to 'obtain'a more thor{ ough'vaporization of the liquidor juice by causing a novel entrainment of the vliquid or juice}. to maximize the circulation with;-

out any unnecessary. conflict between the ebullient liquid and the liquid the tubes; to obtain a more effectual deflection ,ot the ebullient liquid and vapors so thatthey will be;impinged against a. metal body before escaping giving the bubbles carriedwith-the vapors a chance-to break; to attenuate the escaping-vapor andthe ebullient liquid; to

cause the particles notcapable of gasification' to be impinged against a metal body to obtain thorough disintegration; and to make provision for dralningcondensate, and

the liberationi of gases and-pressure which might interfere with the proper. action in the evaporator.

o 1 With 'theroiegsing as; other bbje ets in view, the invention'fresides inv the particular provision, relative 'dlSpOSltlOIl and funct ons of the parts hereinafter fully described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,i-

I in Which% through the e .vention.

Figure 1 is "a vertical sectional :view aporator ofthe present 1nv Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken I on the line 22 of Fig.1, looking in the direction indicated .by the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal ectional'view-taken substantially on the line 33 of Fig, 1, and

looking in the directionlindicated by "the arrow. y Referring now more particularl-y toy-the several views of the drawing forall of the details, it will be apparent that, 5 the evapo rator of the present invention will include a the arrangement of the other parts arranged V 10'. Communicating with the chamber 11 is a liquid or syrup outlet 12 and a .vapor outs:

avessel or cell 10 which maybe of any'de sired construction and size consistentwith within the chamber 11 'ofthe vessel'orcell let 13 which leads toavacuum pan. Supportedin any suitable manner as at 14 is a pan'or receptacle 15, and supported abovethe rece )tacle 15 to an referred de reevis This invention relates to evaporators, and has, especial reference toevaporators used in i stood occur all shell 1 9.. 7

1,1925; gears; 415st) r apan'or receptacle 16 of annularconstruction. Leadingto the receptacle 161s aliquld inlet 17. .Sup'e'rposing thefreceptacles 15 and 16 is a calandria- 18., The calandriagin the present ei'nbodin'ient, consists of a hollow j as possible, It will be noted thatthese tubes are disposed at an angle with respect to averticalplaneand are inclined upwardly and T inwardly witlrrespe ct to the central vertical xis r the v ssel: 10, in willbe furthernotedf thatflthelower ends or; the tubes 24 are opened to thereceptacleslti.1 Surrounding the series rot} tubes; 2 e sfan annular series of tubes 25v which "are arranged between the a walls 22 and 23 and.open therethrough. The V 7 tubes 25 are arranged at 'an angle with respect to ;a vertical plane'fand are inclined iso upwardlyandoutwardly' withrespect to the central vertical axis of the vessel 10. It

willbefurther noted that the lower ends of-the tubes1'25 are opened to the receptacle a 1'5, and that the upper ends ofthe tubes 25 are opened to the chamber 11- similar1y to the tubes 24.

, In order to heat the-tubes 24: and 25, in i the present instance, there is provided a steam conduit 26 which entersthefchamber ll'an d has a numberof branch" conduits 27, there being siir in the present instance; each of which'communicates withthe chamber 20 "of the shell 19.; It will benoted-that each branch conduit 27 communicates-With the "chamber 20'between the innerseries of tubes 2& and the-outer series of tubes 25, as shown mostcleafly in Fig. 1. The showing inFig.

3,;fo'r thesake of clearness has omitted cer-- taiii of theftubes, which itisto be under- In order'to deflect or to cause the impingement of any particleswhichhave not ,bee'ndi'sintegrate'd in the cha mbfer'11, there 7 ispr'ovided at the top ,of thechamber .11 a

I around; the inside of th means 28 for that purpose. c The said means 7 28 in'the present instance-consists of a cas ing 29 which provides a bottom' 30 and a fluev31 which surrounds the-conduit '26. A

pan or receptacle 32 is arranged on-the top of the flue 31 and clojesthe upper end thereof. Radiating from the wall of the flue 31 are short tubes 83 which establish communitubes 36 which communicate with said chamwhen steam ber and lead to a common outlet pipe 37.

Air and gas outlet pipes 38Vare also employed for liberating the same from the chamber 20 is first introduced to the chainber 20. g V I I V The action of the evaporator is as follows: The liquid or saccharine juice enters" the receptacle 16 through the inlet 17 and rises in the lower ends of the tubes 24. Steam isadmitted to the chamber '20 which willcause the liquid in the tubes 24 to move upwardly and out through the upper ends of the tubes at due to the diil erence in temperature of the liquid and the heat retained by the tubes Theliqu'id' in a condition ing and the remnant falling through the passage 21 to the receptacle 15 from 'WlllCll ofebullition courses upwardly and inwardly owing to thedisposition of the tubes is defle'cted in part by a balile 39; the vapor risit enters the lower ends of thetubes 25. The liquid entering the lower ends of the tubes 25 will have cooled to some extent and belng 1 brought into the presence of the heatedtubes 25 will move upwardly and outwardly of the chamber 11; the vapor rising and any remnant will pass downwardly to the bottom of the vessel 10 and will pass out through the outlet 12. The vapor passes upwardly and is attenuated and kept from condensing by the heat of a portion of the conduit 26, while the ebullient liquid is constantly heated by tliebranch conduits 27 thus maximizing vaporization. All or" the vapor passes through the tubes 33 to the outlet 13 from which it passes to-the vacuum pan.- Any particles carried up by the vapor will be impinged against the wall of the casing 29 .to cause further separation from the vapor.

From the foregoing it should be obvious that loss of heat by radiation is reduced to the minimum; that choking o f the-tubesQ and 25 is prevented due to the manner 1n which the liquid is sent out of the tubes;

and that air will be almost entirely excluded; Iclaim: V 1. In an evaporator for concentrating a liquid, a closed vessel having a vapor outlet and a condensate outlet; liquid controlling means within the vessel for controlling the circulation of the liquid delivered thereto,

said liquid controlling means including sets of tubes in the same horizontal plane and bearing a diverging relationship to each other to direct jets of liquid in groups in opposite directions; and heating means for outlet and a condensate outlet; liquid N ceptacles, one of said receptacles having a liquid'inletsetsof tubes opened respectively to said liquid receptacles and to-the ebullition chamber, and heat conductingmeans forheating the'tubes. V

3. In an evaporator forconcentrat ng a liquid, an "ebullition chamber having a vapor outlet and a condensate outlet; liquid receptacles, one oi "said receptacles having a liquid inlet, sets of tubes openedresped" tively to said liquid receptacles and to the ebullition chamber, heat conducting means for heatingthe tubes, said heat conducting means comprisinga heat chamber through which said. tubes extend, and a heat conduit communicating with said heat chambein.

4. In an evaporator forconcentratinga liquid, an ebullition chamber having aiv-aport outlet and acondensate outlet; liquid receptacles, one of said receptacles having a liquid inlet, sets of tubes opened respectively to said liquid receptacles and tothe ebullition chamber, heat conducting means for heating the tubes, saidfiheat conductin means comprising a heat chamber throng V WillCll said tubes extend, and a heat conduit 1 loo communicating with saidheat chamber, said heat conduitextend ng through said ebulli- ,tion' chamber. H p 7 5,111 an evaporator for c'oncentratmga liquid, an ebullition chamber having a Vapor outlet and a condensate outlet; liquidreceptacles, one of said receptacles having a liquid inlet, sets of tubes opened respeo tively to said 'liquidreceptacles and to the ebullition chamber, heat conducting means for heating the tubes, said heat conducting means compris ng a heat chamber through which sald tubes extend, and a heat conduit having branch conduits whichcommunicate withsaid heatchamber. r V

6. In an evaporator for concentrating a li uid an ebullition chamber havin a vaper outlet and a condensate outlet; liquid receptacles, one of said receptacles having a liquid inlet, inner and outer sets of tubes opened respectively to .said liquid receptacles and to theebullitionchamber, and heat conducting means for heating the tubes.

7. In an evaporator for concentrating a liquid, an ebullition chamber having a vaport outlet and a condensate outlet; liquid receptacles, one of said receptacles having a liquid inlet, diverging sets of tubes opened respectively to said liquid receptacles andto the" ebullition chamber, and heat conducting means for heating the tubes.

receptacles, one of said receptacles havingv a liquid inlet, inner and outer setsof tubes opened respectively to said liquid receptacles and to the ebullition-chamber,- and heat conducting means forheating the tubes, said heat conducting means comprising a heat chamber and a heatconduit extending through said ebullition chamber and having branch conduits which communicate with said heat chamber between the inner and outer sets of tubes which extend through said heat chamber.

9. In an evaporator for concentrating a liquid,an ebullition chamber having a vapor outlet and a condensate outlet; liquid receptacles, one of said receptacles having a liquid inlet, inner and outer sets of tubes opened respectively to said liquid receptacles and to the ebullition chamber, and

heat conducting means for heating the tubes, said heat conducting means comprising a heat chamber and a heat conduit extending through said ebullition chamber and having branch conduits which communicate with said heat chamber between the inner and outer sets of tubes which extend through said heat chamber in diverging relationship with respect to each other. e

10. In an evaporator for concentrating a liquid, an ebullition chamber having a vapor outlet and -a condensate outlet; liquid receptacles, one of said receptacles having a liquid inlet, sets of tubes opened respectively to said liquid receptacles and to the ebullition chamber, heat conducting means for heating the tubes, and'a series of radially and horizontally disposed tubes between the vapor outlet and the ebullition in jets .to move first radially inward to the 7' center ofthe vessel. and then radially outward against the wallet the vessel. 1 a

' GUSTAV NICOLAI. 

